Glossary

This glossary fixes the meaning of the terms used by the Multilinguistics project in all its parts and in the site's three languages. The terms are grouped by theme.

Organisation of the project

• The Multilinguistics project: a multi-front research project maintained by Editora Argus Kepheus, devoted to the linguistic transformations associated with the digital era.
• Domain of analysis: each of the six disciplinary lenses through which the project looks at digital change (structural, historical, cognitive, sociocultural, mathematical-computational and epistemological), with a seventh domain for integration. A domain is a way of looking, not a body of work.
• Research front: an independent line of research devoted to one delimited aspect of digital change; it draws on several domains and holds studies. A front is active when at least one study is under way, in planning when its questions are proposed but no study has begun, and at a future stage when it has been deliberately postponed.
• Study: a delimited research project within a front, with a question, a protocol and its own data. A front may hold several studies.

Planning and registration

• Protocol: the written plan of a study (questions, criteria, sources, procedures and analysis), with numbered versions.
• Protocol registration: a public, dated deposit of the protocol on the Open Science Framework (OSF), before data are collected or searched, stating any work already done. There is one registration per study, not per front, domain or article.
• Deviation: a change to the protocol after it has been fixed or registered, documented with its date, justification and effect.
• Scoping review: a review that maps the literature on a broad topic (phenomena, data, methods and gaps) without ranking the strength of the evidence; it follows the PRISMA-ScR guidelines.

Publications and sources

• Article of the project: a scientific article that reports a study of the project and cites that study's registration. An article is planned when it has a study and a target but no text yet, and published once it has appeared in a journal.
• Related publication: a publication linked to a front but not derived from one of its studies, such as an article written before the project.
• Bibliographic collection: the works on which the project's research rests. The list of these works is public, on the References page; the copies of the works are not, except those under an open licence.
• References: the public list of every work in the collection, with its DOI or another stable link and its access status. A work's presence on the list does not mean that it supports a particular claim.
• Open access and restricted access: a work is open access when its full text can be read free of charge from an official source, and restricted when it can only be obtained by purchase, subscription or request. Open access is not the same as an open licence.
• Open licence: a licence that allows the work to be copied and shared (Creative Commons or public domain). The site offers for download only copies with a recorded open licence.
• Grey literature: theses, dissertations, reports, preprints and other documents published outside academic journals and publishers. It is included in the reviews and always identified as such.
• Search source: a bibliographic database or repository searched in a review, such as Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Redalyc, Dialnet, OpenAlex, BDTD, CAPES and UNESDOC.

Selection of studies

• Screening: the selection of the records that enter a review, first by title and abstract and then by full text, against the protocol's criteria.
• Screener: a person who screens records independently of the other screener. Screeners are anonymous, as peer reviewers are.
• Third reviewer: the person who decides when the two screeners disagree; in the project, the editor.
• Agreement (kappa): a measure of how often the two screeners decide alike beyond what chance would produce (Cohen's kappa).

People and participation

• Editor: the person who coordinates the project, approves its content and answers for it; not its principal researcher.
• Co-author: a person who contributes enough to an article to share its authorship; their roles are recorded with the CRediT taxonomy and confirmed before submission.
• Collaborator: a person who contributes to the project's work through tasks, with or without authorship.
• Task: a delimited piece of work sent by the editor to one person, with materials, a response format and a deadline.
• CRediT roles: the standard taxonomy of contributor roles (NISO Z39.104-2022), used to recognise each person's contribution.

This site

• Approved page: a page is published only after the editor has approved it in each language.
• Last update: the date, shown in each page's footer, of its last approval.